Amnesty was granted to any southerner who took an oath of allegiance, with the exception of Confederate officials, officers, and wealthy landowners. How did the stereotype of carpetbaggers compare with the reality? Reconstruction Era National Historic Park in Beaufort, South Carolina defines Reconstruction as having started in 1861 (the beginning of the American Civil War) and lasting until the early twentieth century. Johnson, a Democrat, had little control over Reconstruction policy due to the Republican control of Congress. 3) The South could not repay loans from countries that helped them. beOai4sA 'aKjlNa )u1d[I{4{[ @vKZtQUGm1)V8'. Complete the sentence in a way that shows you understand the meaning of the italicized vocabulary word. pNqmjEJOpKxZv{u 4-aCn v84l%_YYk:Ii:vSG#oa H"x\*Uj/V-,!9.RT5\VM_nCdB5" \.x}{ No/^+4.svjc;NfdHsfJhl\_e2nsS,{ Sharecropping. The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude. In the South, the failure of Republican state governments to make serious inroads on the politics of the region led to a weakening resolve to protect the civil and political rights of freedmen. It forbade any state to deny any citizen the right to vote because of "race, color, or previous condition of servitude", Northerners who went south in search for profits; Southners who supported the Republican governments in the South. What synonym clue shows up in the next paragraph? `cw]}{(ugeFo, +mKk.]{g~S^NWs0znS`~Zm%,Kw~vBY5_oLx|? The Southerners saw the Freedmen's Bureau as an organization giving free food to freedmen but never requiring them to work, making them lazy. WebWhat is Reconstruction? There were also a number of members in Congress who were involved in the Crdit Mobilier scandal, which involved the Union Pacific Railroad and federal contracts for the first Transcontinental Railroad. WebEvaluating Reconstruction from Multiple Perspectives Introduction The 10 year period after the Civil War is known as the Reconstruction Era. Moreover, the horrors of the late war were alive in the memories of most Americans and the real or imagined threat of resumed and open hostilities operated with more persuasive force than the best of arguments. In that compromise, Republican Rutherford B. Hayes won a tight race for the Presidency with just one electoral voteon the condition that all federal troops be removed from the South and a southern Democrat be named to his cabinet. What was the purpose of the Freedmens Bureau? African American males would not have the right to vote until the Fourteenth Amendment was passed. In part, Grants administration suffered because of some real and some exaggerated charges of corruptionmost of which did not directly involve Grant but tarnished him nonetheless. What tactics were used? Lincolns view, while prudent, was not extremely popular. "Z~(Y9I,$iA4rHR2y"xBCDx!uF$P=C|# (southern Democrats). Though Republicans made quick and huge political gains in the South as newly enfranchised black voters rushed to their support, it was clear that the party and its ideals of peace through racial and sectional harmony on Republican terms remained unpopular with large segments of the populationparticularly with those who were disenfranchised because they could not take the oath or otherwise prove their loyalty to the Union. 414 0 obj <> endobj Which group was still not aloud to vote? While some historians see Reconstruction as both success and failure, Foner takes an unequivocal stance that Reconstruction was not at all successful. He cites several reasons in support of his opinion economic and political, as well as social. Who was the Republican candidate in the election of 1868? %%EOF WebThe Reconstruction period lasted from 1865 to 1877. Federal troops were removed from the Southern states and the Democratic majority was entrusted to protect and enforce the rights of African Americans. Congressional Reconstruction. This meant that the huge majorities Republicans then enjoyed were, so to speak, operating on borrowed time. More punitive actions against the South, Lincoln felt, would only make it harder to heal the divided nation. The Presidential Plans (Lincoln and Johnson), the Congressional (Radical Republican), and then Military control (Military Reconstruction Act - South broken down into 5 military districts), Communication des organisations - section 3, Lincoln's vs. Johnson's Plans for Reconstruct, Eric Hinderaker, James A. Henretta, Rebecca Edwards, Robert O. Self, John Lund, Paul S. Vickery, P. Scott Corbett, Todd Pfannestiel, Volker Janssen, Civil War, Reconstruction and Old West Review. Southern voters also elected to Congress highranking Confederate officials and officers, some of whom had not received one of the thirteen thousand pardons Johnson issued during the summer of 1865. A bill was introduced in February 1866 to reauthorize the oneyearold Freedmen's Bureau and allow it to try in military courts persons accused of depriving former slaves of their rights. Congress established a joint committee to review Reconstruction policy and set further conditions for readmitting states. In case of the removal of the President from office or of his death or resignation, the Vice President shall become President. The Reconstruction Era was a transformative period in U.S. history that took place during the Civil War era. Georgia, along with Mississippi, Texas, and Virginia, had to satisfy an additional condition: ratification of the Fifteenth Amendment, which prohibited the states from denying a citizen the right to vote because of race, color, or previous condition of servitude. He believed the South should not be welcomed back into the Union, He believed the Southern states should have to recognize equal rights for African Americans before being welcomed back into the Union, He insisted that a majority of Southern citizens take an oath of loyalty before the South could be welcomed back into the Union. *SY(u% 9 Which plan was the hardest on the South? endstream endobj 415 0 obj <>/Metadata 42 0 R/OCProperties<>/OCGs[423 0 R]>>/Outlines 67 0 R/PageLabels 408 0 R/PageLayout/OneColumn/Pages 410 0 R/PieceInfo<>>>/StructTreeRoot 70 0 R/Type/Catalog>> endobj 416 0 obj <>/ExtGState<>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageC/ImageI]/Properties<>/XObject<>>>/Rotate 0/StructParents 0/Tabs/S/Type/Page>> endobj 417 0 obj <>stream To reinstate slavery in parts of the United States, To fix damage done to buildings during the war, To rebuild the southern economy and society. Radical Republicans thought it was letting the South off too easily. Use information gathered from the interactive maps to inform their understanding of the political, social, and economic problems confronting the nation in the wake of Reconstruction. A large number of Republican lawmakers regained seats in Southern state governments, but chose to abandon Reconstruction reforms. HU=s0+E{r\Ivtv($ *]L0/ u-HKX~9T A particle moves along a straight line with the equation x = 16t + 4t2-3t3 where x is the distance in ft and t is the time in second. Certainly, there was deep resentment on the part of many white southerners who did not want to accept the idea of racial equality. Who did the Fifteenth Amendment formally grant the right to vote in 1870? Johnson pushed for laws limiting the Executive Branchs power to help ensure the policies included in the Radical Reconstruction plan would endure after he left office. A large number of immigrants and African Americans were given voting rights. It formally brought the Southern states back into the Union. The amendments created to protect black freedoms seemed like a huge step in the right Economic Growth and Development 18151860, Grant Administration; Reconstruction Ends. Describe the agriculture system of the New South. HUj@}WDn! However, Congress refused to seat the newly elected senators and representatives from the South. bookmarked pages associated with this title. _ But in his first showdown with Congress upon being elected, Grant backed down and accepted a compromise proposal with the Senate even after the House had voted to join him in his opposition to the Act. The Black Codes included tactics like fines, arrests, and kidnapping to force African Americans back into bondage working on Southern farms without, technically, enslaving them. Voter fatigue- northerners were tired of worrying about it and hearing about it. hbbd``b` $ H0E$ b3!D( ( qX | The end of the Civil War found the nation without a settled Reconstruction policy. f[=v5GS!Q"+x ml\8fzp +l~xZ0&>@U 8!.VUY[ ~A>}et!F2zfJ(9)29v^A4bk`=Nv^OhGEypb6u;Cj=:Ywq1wb)t+BlL;b[n[QO[*+*+!U$w q'YA*O$_gk.0 l4 Po^dl=X7K1*,@~]^[ #Uh"d it was now all white corruption so did not attract as much attention. The passage of the 14th Amendment and Civil Rights legislation were great victories for the advocates of equality under the law. This legislation overturned "Black Codes" that had been established in the former Confederate states and had been used to keep African Americans in a near-state of slavery. They were more familiar with the places where most battles occured. Johnson deliberately removed himself from the decisions involving Reconstruction. 'B!Kck#'=kimtfqqT~>(i{w-[V] white Democrats who used their political power to oppress the Black community, PREPOSITIONS AND CONJUNCTIONS (INFINITIVE VS., Eric Hinderaker, James A. Henretta, Rebecca Edwards, Robert O. Self, John Lund, Paul S. Vickery, P. Scott Corbett, Todd Pfannestiel, Volker Janssen. endstream endobj 117 0 obj <>stream There were many reasons for the unpopularity of Congressional Reconstruction in the South. The federal government pledged larger amounts of financial assistance to the Southern states. Ulysses S. Grant, Gen Commander of the Union forces in the Civil War. Were there any black governors in the South during Reconstruction? There were those who used their positions for exploitation. HUO0~_qo'N$bMLBB#%mSIn;6wNO'Hb exodusters- black refugees fleeing north or west from depression and violence. When duly elected black representatives were expelled from the Georgia legislature, Georgia once again fell under military rule. In addition to reviewing the text of the Fourteenth Amendment, each group will be assigned to cover one additional (but short) document and make a presentation to the class summarizing the views presented in it. about the italicized questions to help you form your answers/opinions. Course Hero is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university. Despite the passage of progressive new laws, racist attitudes prevented open access to employment, education, voting, and protection against violence. they wre industrialists and bankers.
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