Explain [44,45] In Connecticut, psychiatric disorders were common in the HIV-seropositive prisoner cohort and 45.6% were taking either antidepressants or antipsychotic medications. They have considerable discretion in discharging their duties within the constraints of rules, regulations, and policies., They represent a minor percentage of staff members in prisons., They have clear and specific guidelines on how to exercise their discretion., or They exist in isolation from the prison bureaucracy. Inmates who adopt the ________ lifestyle are primarily concerned with getting out of prison as soon as possible and avoiding hard time in the process. [12] The same meta-analysis noted above in the Georgia state prison system also reported an intra-prison HCV transmission rate of 0.75 per 100 person-years, which was significantly higher than the intra-prison HIV rate. Typically, at any single point in time, the number of incarcerated adults housed in prisons is approximately twice those in jails. Chapter 10 - Probation, Parole, Community Corrections - Quizizz Majors, captains and correctional officers charged with maintaining order and security are called_____________. When Force is Required | Security Info Watch Cognitive Psychology Overview of Theory. This problem has been solved! Which of the following statements is true? Quiz - Quizizz Which of the following Latin terms is defined as a court order requiring that a confined person be brought to court so that his or her claims can be heard? Expedited HIV care may be necessary for special clinical circumstances including acute HIV,an acute opportunistic infection, and HIV during pregnancy. Which of the following statements is true about correctional officers? Many prison movies have been made in recent years. [1], At any point in time, about twice as many persons are incarcerated in prisons in the United States than in jails (Figure 1), but over the course of a year the number of individuals incarcerated in the jail system far exceeds those incarcerated in prisons (Figure 2); this difference over a year results from the low turnover rates in prisons (longer stays and infrequent releases) versus high turnover rates in jails (shorter stays and frequent releases). A. a. Restorative justice is especially concerned with repairing the harm to the offender. [9] Although the number of persons who have ever injected drugs is not routinely assessed in prison populations, a 2004 Bureau of Justice Special Report noted that 23% of persons in state prisonsand 18% of individuals in federal prisonsreported ever having used heroin/opiates. Correctional officers have power by virtue of their positions within the organization. High rates of HIV risk activity coupled with low rates of HIV testing make the community corrections population an important priority for HIV screening and prevention services. According to BJS, _______ percent of the people discharged from parole in 2006 completed the terms of their community supervision without returning to prison or jail or absconding. Unions usually put the goals of the institution above the needs of individual officers. At the end of 2012, about ________ percent of the security staff in state correctional agencies were male. For his crimes, Fay received a sentence of? that good educational programs reduce recidivism. True or False? For this analysis, undetectable HIV RNA was defined as HIV RNA level of less than 500 copies/mL. [14,15], In the United States, the absolute number of men with HIV in state or federal prisons is consistently greater than the number of women by a ratio of more than 10 to 1, which is not surprising given the prison population is predominantly male. D. Some officers adopt a human-services orientation toward their work. [29,30] Jails, prisons, and community corrections are important settings in which to test individuals for HIV, especially given that many persons involved with the criminal justice system may be hard to reach with routine community-based testing and incarcerated populations have a higher HIV prevalence than the general population. [45] Some prison-specific barriers include unauthorized medication confiscation, medication theft, medication stock-outs, and inability to access medications during lockdowns. Here are a few major instances where an escalation to the use of force may be required: 1. C J 101 part ONE Flashcards | Chegg.com Prisoners in 2018. Correctional Institutions | Bureau of Justice Statistics Q. Prosecutors have indicated they will seek life in prison . Referral to an HIV provider or specialist depending on the HIV medical providers experience, the stage of HIV, and complexity of medical issues. The case of_________ruled that "guilty beyond a reasonable doubt" should be the standard in all delinquency adjudications. The process of making the offender a productive member of the community again is called? PDF Candidate Orientation Booklet Corrections Officer Examination for Some officers become intrusive and pry into the personal lives of inmates. signed by an officer. Quiz Grade 2. From the graph it has been observed that the functions grow exponentially. The first historical phase of prison discipline, involving soiltary confinement in silence instead of corporal punishment was called the ____________. [17] Transgender women, in particular, have relatively higher rates of HIV and incarceration. A previous judicial decision that judges should consider in deciding future cases is called? Show transcribed image text. Jails confine persons before or after . A place where the same people work, eat, sleep and engage in recreation together day after day is called? If you're the victim of cyberbullying behavior, besides contacting your teacher or the school, Learning Resource Center can you go to find information. Provide the inmate with a copy of the relevant medical record or clinical summary free of charge. A pass must be signed by an officer to be valid. Automatically remove your image background. Inmates should follow the prison rules and not cause trouble. Overcrowding, one of the most pressing problems, has created the dilemma of? After release from prison or jail into the general community, persons with HIV may engage in sex activities that may increase their risk of transmitting HIV to others, particularly with their pre-incarceration sex partners. Incarceration offers a structured environment to initiate and continue antiretroviral therapy. In some situations, an investigation may involve an external investigator. The numbers for each year represent a sample taken at one point in time. World Prison Brief, Institute for Criminal Policy Research. Cultural restrictions on behavior that forbid serious violations of group's values---such as murder, rape and robbery are called? What is defined as the return to illegal activity after release from incarceration? Court litigation is a very slow, expensive, and piecemeal way to reform prisons. The most common cause of death among the world's prisoners is? Some terms may not be used. Among different racial/ethnic groups, blacks have the highest incarceration rates. Instances of prison sex can be divided into three basic categories. Which of the following is NOT one of them? Adult offenders are arrested; juvenile offenders are? Correction Officer I Exam Prep Practice Booklet - Massachusetts Sentences that are served together are called? Suicide is a threat to all persons involved in corrections. Can inflation occur after an increase in the quantity of goods and services? emdjay23. Utilitarian ethics is a normative ethical system that is primarily concerned with the consequences of ethical decisions; therefore it can be described as a. teleological theory or consequentialist theory. Unfortunately, this practice limits inmates with HIV from transferring to facilities that may have unique work or school programs, and may result in persons with HIV being imprisoned far from visitors, thereby limiting or preventing visitations. [11] Incarcerated women with HIV have an even higher prevalence of psychiatric disorders than their male counterparts. They are meant to help you stay on track throughout each lesson and check your understanding of key concepts. ___________ is/are the common denominator for most offenders in the criminal justice system? Calculate the probabilities for the center as shown in parts (a), (b), and (c ), and show that intentionally fouling the Portland Trail Blazers' center is a better strategy than intentionally fouling Jamal Crawford. Which of the following is NOT one of these interests? Officers who control the keys and weapons and sometimes oversee visitation are called ___________. Which of the following statements is true? What is one of the newest forms of prison contraband? Alabama Alaska American Samoa Arizona Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware Pseudofamilies exist in men's prisons in the same manner they exists in women's prisons. The author of On Crimes and Punishments was? b. The ________ model holds that the inmate society is shaped by factors external to the prison environmentspecifically, the preprison experiences and socialization patterns that inmates bring with them when they enter prison. Living in prison is fundamentally different from living in the free community in several ways. [6] In 2018, among the 1,414,162 persons in prisons, 33% (464,200) were Black and 23% (330,200) were Hispanic. [41] Fear of interpersonal violence, stigma, and lack of safety and privacy were cited as key reasons for HIV non-disclosure. [26]Althoughthe Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommended in 2006 that correctional facilities perform routine opt-out HIV testing, the HIV testing practices and policies in correctional setting continue to vary from state to state. Criminologists Richard Hawkins and Geoffrey Alpert identified four general ways in which correctional officers respond to their jobs. Match the terms with the definitions. Code of Ethics - American Correctional Association In the United States, the average ratio of correctional officers to inmates across all states in 2012 was _____. The major Code of Ethics governing the field of corrections was created? [48] Also, with short stays there may be inadequate time to collect a medical history, inquire about and verify current and previous medication regimens, or obtain the necessary antiretroviral medications before an individual is released. [47] Financial barriers also prevent timely initiation or continuation of antiretroviral therapy in correctional settings. [72,73] Therefore, in this setting, it is important to utilize a range of HIV prevention strategies that include keeping released prisoners engaged in medical care, assisting them in taking antiretroviral therapy consistently achieving suppressed HIV RNA levels, identifying and treating sexually transmitted infections (since sexually transmitted infections can increase the risk of HIV transmission to partners), and facilitating the use of preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for community serodifferent partners. In one instance, a single case of tuberculosis rapidly spread among the inmates living with HIV in one facility and ultimately 31 individuals developed tuberculosis. Research has shown that face-to-face contact before release results in increased likelihood of continuity in the community. Some inmates with newly diagnosed HIV may require outside expert medical consultation. . your answer. The Supreme Court has ruled that censorship in prisons is legal only if it furthers one of three substantial government interests. Penitentiaries are relatively modern social institutions and their development is distinctly American. Reward power. a) They have considerable discretion in discharing their duties within the constraints of rules, regulations, and policies. [11,42] Several studies evaluating the impact of directly observed antiretroviral therapy in prisons have found that directly observed antiretroviral therapy does not necessarily lead to better medication adherence than self-administration. Michel Foucalt, the French historian and philosopher, says that the purpose of the physical punishment was? Because of limited access to HIV specialists, some prison systems have attempted to cohort persons with HIV in one or two facilities that have the easiest access to the specialists they needed. The power, right or authority of a court to interpret and apply the law is called? [3] The total adult population in the correctional system in the United States, including local jails, state prisons, and federal prisons, increased significantly during the 1980s and 1990s (largely as a result of the crackdown on illegal drug use), peaked in 2008, and then leveled off (or slightly decreased) (Figure 4) and (Figure 5). The beliefs, values and behaviors of staff that differ greatly from those of the inmates are called____________. answer choices. A Latin term that refers to the state as guardian of minors and incompetent people is called? A method the U.S. Supreme Court uses to decide prisoner's rights cases, weighing the rights claimed by inmates against the legitimate needs of prisons is called the__________? Correctional officers dispense both formal and informal sanctions to induce cooperation among inmates. [11,26] For some inmates with HIV, the correctional setting may be their first engagement in HIV care, and during incarceration substantial gains may be made along all steps in the HIV care cascade, including increasing the percentages of persons taking antiretroviral therapy and achieving virologic suppression. [52]In the past, some correctional administrators and officials thought placing all inmates known to have HIV together in special unitsand in some cases identifying them by an armband or special clothingwould reduce HIV transmission to both staff and other inmates. [20] The immediate clinical management issues that should be addressed include HIV prevention counseling, referral for mental health treatment if needed, initial evaluation and staging of HIV, and referral for HIV treatment (Table 1). order, punishment, security, or rehabilitation. In women's prisons, the ________ role is occupied by sophisticated professional criminals who try to do easy time by manipulating other inmates and the staff to their own advantage. April 26, 2018. Develop a list of medical providers in the community to which the inmates will be returning. Late in a basketball game, a team often intentionally fouls an opposing player in order to stop the game clock. (1) Words such as ALL, NEVER, NONE, and EVERY harden a statement and indicate there are no exceptions. Funding to various correctional agencies has been cut since 9/11 and has been allocated to? Court will convene at 9:30 a.m. [7], The higher prevalence of HIV, hepatitis B virus (HBV), and hepatitis C virus (HCV) within correctional facilities can partially be explained by the high percentage of inmates with a history of injection drug use. Professional Boundaries in Corrections | Journal of the American The term ________ is defined as the reduction of the original sentence given by executive authority, usually a state's governor. Adult offenders are known as criminals, juvenile offenders are known as? According to Schmalleger, the ___________ adapts to prison by exploiting the minimal pleasures it offers. [9] The transmission of HBV within prisons could be reduced by immunizing all HBV-non-immune inmates with hepatitis B vaccine. Community corrections refers to adults on probation or parole. While blacks account for 12% of the U.S. population they account for _____ of the correctional workforce. [9,12,25] The CDC recommends hepatitis B vaccinationfor all incarcerated persons who do not have immunity to or active infection with HBV. Diversion has its roots in ________theory. Which of the following statements is true about a high percentage of lawsuits filed by inmates? The prison population is higher today in the United States than at any time in our history. The Supreme Court ruled in__________that it was unconstitutional and a violation of the Eighth Amendment's ban on cruel and unusual punishment to execute people for crimes that were committed before turning age 18. Which of the following statements is true? - Certification Answers Section 6.4: Parole, Probation, and Community Sanctions According to Cullen and Gendreau, rehabilitation strangely enough, works very well with murderers. According to the text which of the following statements The transition from a correctional facility to the community is a critical event for persons with HIV. These data are from correctional facilities in 59 CDC-funded Health Department jurisdictions. Mandatory release is similar to ________ in that persons let out under either arrangement ordinarily receive a period of community supervision. John Irvin said in 1986 that the purpose of jails was rabble management. [6], In the United States, during the years 1991-2015 the annual number of persons with diagnosed HIV in state or federal prisons ranged from a high of 25,976 in 1998 to a low of 17,146 in 2015; from 1998 to 2015 the number and rate of persons with HIV in state or federal prisons declined (Figure 8). Source: Iroh PA, Mayo H, Nijhawan AE. [16] In addition, when compared with men, incarcerated women have higher rates of unemployment (45.8% versus 26.7%), homelessness (17.4% versus 12.1%), and psychiatric comorbidities (43.6% versus 21.6%). Answer: Corrections officers are primarily concerned with custody and control. CJE Unit 8 Flashcards | Quizlet Assist the inmate with scheduling an appointment with the community care provider. Captain Maconochie would have preferred an _________ sentencing model. This system called for solitary confinement at labor, with instruction in labor, morals and religion. What is described as the secret exchange of goods and services among inmates? Some officers become alienated, cynical, and withdrawn. A penal institution to which especially young or first-time offenders are committed for training and reformation is called? At least_________ percent of the inmates who enter prisons eventually return to the community. The correctional officer that believes that close association with inmates will make it easier to control the inmates is called a ___________. Barriers to successful antiretroviral therapy within the correctional setting include high rates of substance use and mental health disorders, lack of continuity of medical care, distrust of prison-based medical care, and concerns about confidentiality and safety. The case of__________supported the use of the death penalty if the State used guided discretionary capital statutes. [4] Among all persons in prisons, the state prisons account for nearly 90% of those in prison and the majority are males (Figure 6). Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA), The National HIV Curriculum is supported by the Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA) of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) as part of a financial assistance award totaling $1,021,448 with 0% financed with non-governmental sources. The period of Western social thought that began in the 17th century and lasted until the dawn of the 19th century is known as? The _______ likes to give orders and seems to enjoy the feeling of power that comes from ordering inmates around. Women started working in corrections in the 1970's and now are becoming more accepted. In a study of CDC-funded HIV tests conducted in adult correctional facilities the percentage of persons newly diagnosed with HIV who were linked to HIV medical care within 90 days improved from 37.8% in 2009 to 67.5% in 2013 (Figure 14).[38]. Assume the male role in a homosexual relationship. The "evidence" that evidence based corrections is based on is highly controversial. week four quiz.docx - CJS 201 intro to criminal justice Medical evaluation including staging of HIV and diagnosis of comorbidities and opportunistic infections. Which of the following is usually not a characteristic of women's prisons?